seid omid aleyasin; bahman shamsesfandabad; Hamid Toranjzar; abas ahmadi; Shahro Mokhtari
Abstract
Abstract: Wetlands are one of the most productive ecosystems in the world. They provide a unique and rich habitat for creature .they also perform a wide range of economic and service functions such as water conservation, runoff regulation, water quality treatment and recreational services. The aim of ...
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Abstract: Wetlands are one of the most productive ecosystems in the world. They provide a unique and rich habitat for creature .they also perform a wide range of economic and service functions such as water conservation, runoff regulation, water quality treatment and recreational services. The aim of this study was to evaluate the ecosystem health of Meyghan Wetland of Arak based on different methods. To evaluate the Meyghan Wetland of Arak and also to evaluate the status of benthic organisms and other parameters, sampling of sediments of the wetland floor was performed. Sampling was performed at 10 points of the wetland and at 5 replications at each point. Several indicators were used to assess the health of Meyghan Wetland. Which included a biotic-index (BI) based on the work of Borja et al. (2000). In addition to the above, the main framework includes bio-indicators, heavy metal pollution index and water quality index, which have been considered in this study. The ecosystem health of Meyghan Wetland was evaluated based on the mentioned indicators and the map of ecosystem health of Meyghan Wetland was prepared. The results of this study showed that except for the nickel, zinc and lead as well as pH, for other elements (EC, Na, Cl, Mg, Ca, HCO3, SO4 and TDS), the lowest and highest values belong respectively To stations 3 and 6. The high amount of these elements in station 6 can be due to the activity of sodium sulfate factory in the northern part of the wetland, which causes changes in the wetland ecosystem by removing sediments from the wetland floor. In the case of copper, zinc and lead, the lowest concentration is seen in the northwestern part of the wetland and the highest concentration is seen in the western and southeastern parts of the wetland.
mohammad taghi heydari; Hosseinali Bahrami; , alireza aliyari
Abstract
Soil moisture is one of the fundamental parameters of the environment that is directly influenced by plant life, animal and activity of micro-organisms and plays a major role in energy exchanges between air and soil. Determination of the exact amount of soil moisture content in agricultural, hydrology ...
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Soil moisture is one of the fundamental parameters of the environment that is directly influenced by plant life, animal and activity of micro-organisms and plays a major role in energy exchanges between air and soil. Determination of the exact amount of soil moisture content in agricultural, hydrology and geological sciences is very important. Therefore, the use of a method that can achieve soil moisture in normal and non-corrosion conditions with high speed and accuracy is very important and fundamental. The Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) is a non-destructive method for the subsurface investigation that is evolving and seems to be able to greatly help agriculture to identify soil and protect culture systems. Different studies have been done in the field of soil moisture determination using GPR, but in Iran, there are limited studies on the ability of this method to estimate spatial changes of soil moisture content, therefore, this research has been done with these goals. The results indicate that in the study area, the distribution of humidity at each stage of harvest shows limited changes if the time changes of humidity in the time interval between winter and spring are about 10-15% of the difference. Also, the mean square of GPR method error compared with TDR 13.2 method is also compared to the GPR and weighted 81.3 method and the correlation coefficient in these two comparisons is equal to 0.87 and 0.95, which indicates the high accuracy of the GPR method for estimating soil moisture.
mehri raoofi; Mahmoud Habibnejad Roshan; Kaka Shahedi; Fatemeh Kardel
Abstract
Rivers are the main arteries of watersheds that play an important role in providing water for agriculture, drinking and industry. On the other hand, the reduction of river water quality has been one of the biggest human concerns in the last century. In order to evaluate the quality of running water, ...
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Rivers are the main arteries of watersheds that play an important role in providing water for agriculture, drinking and industry. On the other hand, the reduction of river water quality has been one of the biggest human concerns in the last century. In order to evaluate the quality of running water, biological indicators and the study of benthic invertebrates can be used. The aim of this study was to investigate the water quality of the main rivers of Babolrood watershed using the Hilsenhof Biological Index (HFBI). For this purpose, sampling of benthic invertebrates in 5 main river stations was performed using a net frame (sorber) with a cover area of 40 cm2 and transferred to the laboratory for identification. Then, using Pennak (1953) and Mellenby (1963) identification keys, the samples were identified by family and sex and counted and weighed. Also, at the same time as sampling of benthic organisms to study the physicochemical properties of water, samples were taken from river water. Pearson correlation coefficient was used to investigate the relationship between biological samples and physicochemical properties of water. The results showed that Babolk station with the lowest FBI and Babolrood-Babol station with the highest FBI were in the category of non-organic pollution and some organic pollution, respectively. The results of correlation of biological samples with physicochemical parameters in most cases were not significant at 95% confidence level. The highest correlation coefficient between Oligochaeta species was with Diversity biodiversity.Keywords: Benthic invertebrates, water quality, HFBI, Babolrood watershed, Mazandaran province
Ardeshir Mesbah; Esmail Karamidehkordi; Shadali Tohidloo; Amin Salehpour Jam; Tofigh Saadi
Abstract
Iran has always been one of the most vulnerable places in the world against environmental hazards due to its special spatial-spatial structures. The aim of this research is to review the traces of resilience of natural hazards in Iran with an emphasis on the hazards of floods, droughts, land degradation ...
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Iran has always been one of the most vulnerable places in the world against environmental hazards due to its special spatial-spatial structures. The aim of this research is to review the traces of resilience of natural hazards in Iran with an emphasis on the hazards of floods, droughts, land degradation and combined researches. This study was carried out using a conceptual methodology and using a systematic analysis of related researches conducted in the country in the form of articles, treatises and dissertations included in selected databases inside the country. In this research, using conceptual analysis, the data were analyzed thematically. Although a handful of studies on resilience against natural hazards had been conducted in Iran before the 2010s, these resilience studies, especially in rural areas, have a short lifespan. After the scientific refinement of 1742 scientific documents from the beginning of 2010s, fifty seven related articles and theses were extracted and analyzed. The results showed that the most studies conducted in the field of resilience were in the field of drought and the least studies were conducted in the field of land degradation studies. In the researches carried out in the field of flood, the social dimension received the most attention and the institutional dimension received the least attention. In the field of drought, the economic dimension and the institutional dimension respectively had the most and the least attention in the researches conducted in this field. In the field of land degradation and combined research, the physical dimension was the most important. By identifying the important components of society's resilience against natural hazards, it is possible to improve crisis management, reduce damages and effectively plan development and educational projects at the country level.
Majid Kazemzadeh; Zahra Noori; Mohammad Jahantigh
Abstract
Occurrence of avalanches in mountainous areas is one of the most important natural hazards that cause a lot of human and financial losses. The study of affecting factors on avalanche occurrence and simulation is very important to manage this phenomenon. In this study, the affecting factors on the occurrence ...
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Occurrence of avalanches in mountainous areas is one of the most important natural hazards that cause a lot of human and financial losses. The study of affecting factors on avalanche occurrence and simulation is very important to manage this phenomenon. In this study, the affecting factors on the occurrence of snow avalanche (terrestrial and meteorological factors) and its simulation have been studied using the RAMMS simulation model in the Central Alborz Velayat Rood (Dizin Road), Alborz Province. Topographic and geomorphological factors such as slope, aspect, curvature, topographic position index (TPI), terrain roughness index (TRI) and topographic wetness index (TWI) using 6 ×6 cm2 pixel size of digital elevation model (DEM) were prepared by using a drone. Meteorological factors such as rainfall, temperature and wind were also considered. Then, using RAMMS simulation model, avalanche components such as avalanche speed, pressure and height were estimated in the study area. The results showed that the amount of slope and aspect as a topographic indicator have a great impact on the formation and occurrence of the snow avalanche. The largest part of the region with an area of 5.7 hectares (54.6% of the study area) with a northeast aspect and slope of 60 to 120%, the accumulation and track areas, has the greatest potential for avalanche. Also, the results of RAMMS simulation model showed that the average speed and maximum avalanche speed in the region were 5.3 m/s and 16 m/s. The average effective avalanche pressure was 7 and the maximum avalanche pressure in the region was 45 KPa. Estimation of avalanche height in the region also showed that the average avalanche height in the runout area (residential areas) was 4.5 meters and the maximum avalanche height in the region was 10 meters, which is classified as a large avalanche.
majid khazayi; Iman Saleh; reza bayat; Shokr allah Absallan
Abstract
The concept of water productivity is to produce the best and most products by spending the lower amount of water. in this study water productivity was investigated with field surveys, field measurements and remote sensing analysis. For this purpose, in the first stage, water resources condition of the ...
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The concept of water productivity is to produce the best and most products by spending the lower amount of water. in this study water productivity was investigated with field surveys, field measurements and remote sensing analysis. For this purpose, in the first stage, water resources condition of the Basht aquifer investigated. in the next step, the cultivated area of Basht aquifer was investigated using Sentinel-2 satellite images in Google Earth Engine. Then, the agricultural condition of the aquifer investigated through questionnaire by farmers and experts. In the next step, the water requirement of the current cultivation pattern was calculated by the Penman-Monteith method. Finally, by evaluating the products in terms of productivity indicators, the water productivity of different products was determined. Penman-Monteith method calculations indicated that the water requirements of the aquifer dominant crops, including Citrus fruits, wheat, barley, corn, rapeseed, watermelon, branches, legumes and alfalfa respectively were 9170, 5630, 4821, 7863, 5411, 9291, 20234, 5225, 14083 cubic meters per hectare, respectively. In total, the amount of water consumed by the agricultural products in aquifer Basht is 45 million cubic meters, that approximately equivalent to 1 cubic meter per square meter of the aquifer cultivation area and and this amount is much more than the aquifer agriculture programmable water (17 million cubic meters).
Alijan Abkar; hamzeh saeediyan
Abstract
The use of people in the implementation of natural resource schemes ensures the success of these schemes and can be very useful for the natural resources available in watersheds and stakeholders. In this study, the number of cooperative companies, rural development committee, micro funds and rural funds ...
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The use of people in the implementation of natural resource schemes ensures the success of these schemes and can be very useful for the natural resources available in watersheds and stakeholders. In this study, the number of cooperative companies, rural development committee, micro funds and rural funds in the whole watershed of Yazdanabad was obtained. Then, identification of different village’s distribution in Yazdanabad watershed was done and the activities implemented in them were investigated. Then, the meetings held by PRA method in the villages of Yazdanabad watershed were studied and the comparison of NGOs before and after implementation of the comprehensive natural resources management plan was carried out and analyzed. The results showed that there are 3 cooperative companies and 4 rural funds in Yazdanabad watershed and 16 development committees are active in this area, almost every village has a development committee and there are also 2 micro funds in Yazdanabad watershed. Moreover, the results of the research showed that the most executive activities in all villages located in Yazdanabad watershed were the formation of rural development committee and holding meetings with natural resources laws and regulations.
Yayah Parvizi; Zahra Gerami; Mahmood Arabkhedri
Abstract
The degradation of soil structure and reduced water permeability are indicators of soil destruction, contributing to diminished stability, compromised production quality, and environmental issues. To counteract soil degradation, soil conservation methods are widely employed to modify soil and water processes, ...
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The degradation of soil structure and reduced water permeability are indicators of soil destruction, contributing to diminished stability, compromised production quality, and environmental issues. To counteract soil degradation, soil conservation methods are widely employed to modify soil and water processes, enhancing properties like structure and permeability. However, limited research has evaluated the effectiveness of these methods. This study focuses on assessing the impact of soil management and protection measures on soil structure and permeability in the Rezin watershed of Kermanshah province. Eight restoration and protection techniques were chosen and examined in the study area. Following profile excavation and soil sampling, indices such as MWD, GMD, and WSA >0.25 were measured and computed. The final penetration speed was also assessed. Comparative analysis of MWD, GMD, WSA >0.25, and final infiltration rates between soil protection operations and control areas was conducted using a T-test for independent samples via SPSS software. Results indicated that the lowest MWD indices, at 0.15 and 0.35 mm, were associated with land leveling and planting, while the highest, at 1.9, 1.8, and 1.6 mm, were linked to 20- and 10-year gardens and forest areas, respectively. Notably, fodder operations and 10-year garden construction exhibited the highest WSA >0.25 index, indicating the formation of coarse and stable soil aggregates due to protection operations. Final infiltration rate results demonstrated changes in drylands to seedling cultivation, with 10-year gardens showing the highest increase at 21.8% compared to the control.
Hossein Salehi; Saeid Gharechelou; Saeed Golian; Mohammad Reza Ranjbari; Emad Mahjoobi
Abstract
Simulation of runoff for long-term climatic studies is crucial for effective water resource management in a watershed. However, obtaining long-term input data can be challenging, especially in remote and inaccessible areas. Recently, long-term climatic precipitation data have proven to be highly efficient ...
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Simulation of runoff for long-term climatic studies is crucial for effective water resource management in a watershed. However, obtaining long-term input data can be challenging, especially in remote and inaccessible areas. Recently, long-term climatic precipitation data have proven to be highly efficient in various fields. In this study runoff was simulated in the Hableroud basin from 1992 to 1996 using three climatic rainfall data sources: APHRODITE, PERSIANN-CDR, and ERA5-Land, as well as interpolated rainfall data from rain gauge stations. The Variable Infiltration Capacity (VIC) model was employed to simulate runoff with Kling Gupta efficiency (KGE) as a objective function. To assessment the accuracy of precipitation data from each dataset, at the cell scale a network was developed by Inverse distance weighted (IDW) method. The results indicated that the APHRODITE dataset had the highest accuracy while PERSIANN-CDR had the lowest. The KGE for simulated daily runoff with IDW data was 0.78 during the calibration period and 0.76 during the validation period. Evaluating the simulated runoff using climatic precipitation data revealed that PERSIANN-CDR satellite precipitation data was less accurate in detecting precipitation amounts but performed better in simulating runoff. The KGE for this data on a daily scale was 0.64 during the calibration period and 0.77 during the validation period. The KGE for APHRODITE precipitation data, based on IDW data ranked second with values of 0.62 and 0.75 during the calibration and validation periods, respectively. ERA5-Land precipitation data, ranked third with a KGE of 0.50 during the calibration period and 0.66 during the validation period. These findings indicate that climatic precipitation data can be effectively utilized in watershed management studies with low cost and appropriate accuracy, particularly in basins lacking a regular network or long-term data availability.Additionally results demonstrated that the VIC hydrological model performed well in simulating daily and monthly runoff.
shabnam vakili; mahmoud erhami; hossein baghdadi
Abstract
The main purpose of this research is to identify the behavior of rivers in the area of Lashtghan shrimp breeding site and to provide technical solutions to organize and prevent flood risks in it. In order to determine the flood zone for the return period of 25 years, the water height was transferred ...
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The main purpose of this research is to identify the behavior of rivers in the area of Lashtghan shrimp breeding site and to provide technical solutions to organize and prevent flood risks in it. In order to determine the flood zone for the return period of 25 years, the water height was transferred to the ArcGIS. Finally, in order to present the proposed natural bed line, according to the flood zone with a return period of 25 years and satellite images at different time intervals, the proposed bed line was extracted after checking the flood zone with the satellite image. According to the purpose of the project, domain of usage and technical and economic conditions, the earthen dike option was introduced as the selected option for the land protection plan against floods. Then, in Civil 3D software, the protective dike project line was defined, and then according to the 100-year flood water level, the protective dike was designed. The output of the model included the characteristics of the maximum flow level, depth of flow and maximum flow velocity in the study area, according to which it was observed that the built dike has no effect on the surrounding residential areas, the earthen dike in some places due to the topography. The entity acts like a reservoir and the flow does not transfer downstream and is stored behind the dike, which has a volume of about 3 million cubic meters for a flood with a return period of 100 years, which can be done by constructing a borrow pit in the vicinity of the dike transferred a significant part of the water downstream. Finally, the height of the dike, the slope of the body and the width of its crown were calculated and its cost was estimated at 72,925,000,000 million Rials.
